Hokkaido Places

Town Nemuro Subprefecture

Betsukai 別海町

べつかいちょう

Betsukai is Japan's biggest dairy town, with about eight cows for every resident on the pastures of the Konsen Plateau. On its coast is the Notsuke Peninsula, Japan's largest sand spit, where shrimp are still caught from sail-powered boats.

Population (2020 Census)
14,380
Area
1,317.17 km²
District
Notsuke District (野付郡)
Official website
betsukai.jp

Known for

  • Japan's No. 1 dairy town: 111,693 cattle, about 8.2 per resident3. Its raw milk was worth about ¥54.7 billion in 2023, the most in Japan and more than twice the runner-up9.
  • Notsuke Peninsula (野付半島): Japan's largest sand spit, about 26 km long10, with the "ghost forests" of Todowara and Narawara1. Ramsar wetland since November 200511.
  • Uttasebune (打瀬舟) and Hokkai shima-ebi (北海シマエビ): shrimp are caught from sailboats so that propellers do not damage Notsuke Bay's eelgrass12. The scene has been Hokkaido Heritage since 20041.
  • Jumbo scallops: 16,033 t landed in 2023, nearly three-quarters of the town's catch13.
  • Nishibetsu salmon (西別鮭): presented to the shogun every year from 1800 until the end of the Edo period14.
  • Hometown tax: ¥21.155 billion in furusato nozei donations in FY2025, fourth in Japan15.
  • Winter scenery: the "square sun" (四角い太陽) mirage, the frozen "ice horizon" (氷平線) of Notsuke Bay, and wintering swans161718.

Sights & activities

Nature & scenery

  • Notsuke Peninsula:
    • Walk the boardwalk from the Nature Center to Todowara37, or ride the tractor bus from 1 May (¥500 one way)56.
    • The meadows at Notsuke-zaki Lighthouse, a 45-minute walk away, bloom from late May to October with black lilies and Sendai-hagi. Red-crowned cranes nest nearby57.
  • Hakuchōdai (白鳥台): a bluff beside Michi-no-Eki Odaito, where swans gather from December to March. The town names it the best spot for the square sun1816.
  • New Dairy Village Observatory (新酪農村展望台), Betsukai 396-7: a 10 m tower over endless pasture, with views to Lake Furen and Shiretoko29.
  • Betsukai Ten Views (別海十景): the town's official list also includes Barasan-numa, the Yausubetsu River mouth and Ononuma Park58.

Onsen

  • Betsukai Furusato Kōryūkan (別海町ふるさと交流館), Betsukai 141-100: a free-flowing "moor" (plant-rich) hot spring with open-air baths. ¥510; open 11:00–21:00; closed Mondays59. Day bathing only; it has no overnight stays at present60.
  • Odaito: onsen inns include Notsuke Yumoto Utaseya, Odaito Onsen Seaside Hotel (open-air bath facing Kunashiri) and Kusunoki Ryokan, whose Odaito Onsen spring the tourism association bills as Japan's easternmost (unverified)60.
  • Nishishunbetsu: the inns Nishishunbetsu Onsen Pension Clover House and Betsukai Makiba no Yu Shimafukurō also offer hot springs60.

Museums & heritage

  • Local History Museum and Kaga Documents Museum, Betsukai Miyamai-chō 30 and 29 (opened 1993 and 2000)54: open 9:00–17:00 on 266 set days in FY2026. ¥350; free for high-school students and younger6162.
  • Okuyukiusu (奥行臼) has three transport relics: a post station (national historic site), a Shibetsu Line station, and a stop on the old village light railway63. Open 1 May–3 November 2026, 10:00–16:30, closed Mondays, free. Park on Route 24364.
  • Railway Memorial Park (鉄道記念公園): a D51 steam locomotive and a Russell snowplow65.

Outdoor & seasonal activities

  • Betsukai Sightseeing Boat (別海町観光船), from Odaito port:
    • The 2026 season was scheduled to open on 19 May. The Todowara course sails daily at 8:30 (¥3,500 adults).
    • Seal-watching and outer-sea Kunashiri cruises (minimum 5 people) are also offered66.
  • Birdwatching: more than 250 species, about 40% of Japan's list, have been recorded on Notsuke. Steller's sea eagles visit from late October to April67. A bird hide stands 500 m from the Notsuke-zaki car park68.
  • Ice-horizon tours: guided walks and snowmobile-sled tours on the frozen bay, from January to March depending on the ice. Book ahead17.
  • Camping: Odaito Fureai Campground is open late April–31 October, and its heated cottages to 31 March69.

Food experiences

  • Restaurant NOTSUKE at the Nature Center overlooks the bay70.
  • Meat House Nagano serves beef with a view of Notsuke Bay50.

Roadside stations (Michi-no-Eki)

Odaito (道の駅おだいとう)

  • Location: Odaito 5-27, Betsukai, on National Route 244 (Shiretoko–Nosappu Line). About 3 km from central Odaito, next to Hakuchōdai4618.
  • Hours (as of September 2026 — check before visiting):
    • Station and shop: 9:00–17:00 (May–October), 9:00–16:00 (November–April). Restaurant: 11:00–15:30 (last order 15:00)46.
    • Closed 31 December–5 January46. The town also lists Tuesday closing, except in July–September71.
    • Early opening with a breakfast menu on summer weekends and 20–22 September 202646.
  • Shops & products: triangular-carton milk, butter, cheeses, ice cream, Betsukai fromage (a cheese sweet), shima-ebi soy sauce, and local seafood with shipping (scallops, salmon, ikura, hokki, asari)46.
  • Food:
    • Jumbo Hotate Burger with a mug of milk (¥1,300 set).
    • Milk soft-serve (¥350).
    • Scallop-fry rice bowls (¥500–1,300).
    • Betsukai beef curry (¥1,000).
    • Seasonal soup curries46.
  • Facilities:
    • Parking for 47 cars and 7 large vehicles46. The town's page lists 49 car spaces, 2 of them accessible71.
    • 24-hour toilets, including an ostomate-accessible toilet, and one 24-hour EV quick charger71.
    • Wi-Fi, nursing room and cashless payment46.
    • The Northern Territories Observation Tower has telescopes on floor 3 pointed at Kunashiri46.
  • Notes:
    • Registered 3 March 2011 (Hokkaido No. 112); stamp during opening hours46.
    • The "Cry" statue (叫びの像) calls for the return of the four islands. It stands 16 m from four poles, matching the 16 km to Kunashiri46.
    • Betsukai's only Michi-no-Eki72.

Getting there & around

  • Rail: none since 198928. The nearest station is Attoko on the JR Nemuro Line in Nemuro. It is about 1 h 30 min from Kushiro, and about 5 h 30 min from New Chitose Airport with changes at Sapporo and Kushiro73.
  • Air: Nemuro-Nakashibetsu Airport in Nakashibetsu has flights from Haneda (about 100 min) and New Chitose (about 55 min)73. It is about 30 minutes by car from the town center9.
  • Road:
    • About 390 km (5 h 30 min) from Sapporo, 90 km (1 h 30 min) from Kushiro and 25 km (30 min) from Nakashibetsu73.
    • National Routes 243, 244 and 272 cross the town8.
  • Bus:
    • Akan Bus runs Nakashibetsu–Betsukai and Shibetsu–Nishishunbetsu routes74.
    • Four town "lifestyle bus" routes serve outlying districts75.
    • In summer 2026 (4 July–11 August), an Akan Bus "Todowara Line" connected with the sightseeing boat66.

Practical tips

  • When to go:
    • Late May–October for the Notsuke flower meadows57.
    • Mid-June to July or mid-October to November to see uttasebune at work76.
    • Winter for swans6, the square sun and the ice horizon48. Drift ice reaches the coast in February–early March in some years48.
  • Visitor centers:
    • Tourism association at Plato (交流館ぷらと), Asahi-chō 67-1, open 9:00–17:0048.
    • Odaito tourist information at the fishing-port community center77.
    • Notsuke Peninsula Nature Center (Notsuke 63)76.
  • Notsuke driving permits: a permit from the Nature Center is needed to drive beyond the Notsuke-zaki car park68. In June–August and November, permits are issued only from about noon, except on Sundays56. Never walk on the frozen bay without a guide17.
  • Farms: stay out of pastures and farmyards, and use shoe-disinfection mats where they are set out. The marathon organizers ask this of visitors to help keep out foot-and-mouth disease78.
  • Wildlife: on 17 September 2026 the town posted a warning about rising brown bear sightings during the autumn bear-caution period, 1 September–31 October79. Watch for deer on rural roads.
  • Transport: public transport is sparse. The town's access guide assumes onward travel by car from the airport and the nearest rail stations73.

More about Betsukai

At a glance
Field Details
Type Town (町)
Subprefecture Nemuro (根室振興局)
District Notsuke District (野付郡)1
Population 14,380 at the 2020 National Census (6,092 households)2. 13,635 in 6,890 households on the resident register at the end of August 20263. The 2025 Census preliminary count was 13,3234.
Area 1,317.17 km² (GSI, 1 April 2026), not counting Lake Furen, whose boundary is unsettled. Third-largest town (町) in Japan, after Ashoro and Engaru5. The 2020 census tables used 1,319.63 km²2.
Density About 10.4 people/km² (2026 register over the GSI area); 10.9/km² at the 2020 Census2
Municipal history Fishing began here in the Genroku era (1688–1704), and about 90 settlers arrived in 18691. A joint office for Betsukai and four other villages opened at Honbetsukai in July 187967. In 1906 Atsubetsu Village came under the same office, making six villages7. The subprefecture's profile records this as taking in part of Wada Village (now Nemuro)1. The six villages merged as Betsukai Village in April 1923, and part of it went to Nakashibetsu in April 195518. It became a town on 1 April 19716.
Neighboring municipalities Nemuro, Shibetsu, Nakashibetsu, Shibecha, Akkeshi, Hamanaka6
Symbols Tree: oak (ナラ), which settlers used for house posts, charcoal and firewood. Flower: Sendai-hagi (センダイハギ), which grows on the sandy grassland at Ryūjin-zaki on Notsuke. Bird: swan (白鳥)6
Mascot Betsukai Ryōshi-kun (別海りょウシくん), the tourism association's character: a food-loving cow (ushi) who works as a fisherman (ryōshi)3
Official website https://betsukai.jp/

Name origin
  • Betsukai: the town derives the name from the Ainu pet-kaye (ペッ・カイエ), "the river bends". This refers to the sharp bend at the mouth of the Nishibetsu River, the town's largest river6.
  • The Hokkaido Government's Ainu place-name list gives pet-kay, "the river breaks or bends", and pet-kaye, "folds the river". It rates the meaning as uncertain (level C)19. Its sources differ:
    • Matsuura Takeshirō: "a river that bent".
    • Nagata Hōsei: "broken river, or bent river".
    • Yamada Hidezō: perhaps a river mouth on a sandy beach that bends and keeps breaking through.
  • Notsuke (野付): from notkew, "lower jaw". A legend says a stranded whale's jaw became the cape. The list's editors think the shape of the spit is the more likely origin20.
  • Lake Furen (風蓮湖): from hure-pet, "red river", after its reddish marsh water21.

History
  • Prehistory: people lived here about 20,000 years ago. Three mammoth molars dated 43,000–20,000 years ago have been found off Notsuke7. A scallop fisherman found a fourth in April 2024, Japan's 15th mammoth molar find22. The Nishishunbetsu 2 site yielded two Jōmon skeletons about 3,000 years old. Many Satsumon-period pit dwellings lie at the Onnikuru site on Notsuke710.
  • Ainu period: eight chashi (fort) sites are known. Tokotan 1 Chashi was excavated in 2014 and was in use about 600–500 years ago7.
  • Trading-post era:
    • In 1774 the merchant Hidaya Kyūbei took over the eastern Ezo posts and opened fisheries at Notsuke and the Nishibetsu River mouth7.
    • His harsh treatment of Ainu workers led to the 1789 Kunashiri–Menashi uprising. Ainu killed 71 of his staff and crew, and 37 Ainu leaders were executed7.
  • 1792–1800:
    • The Russian envoy Adam Laxman landed at Nishibetsu in 1792.
    • In 1799 the shogunate took direct control of Ezo and built the Notsuke tsūkōya (通行屋), a way station for crossings to Kunashiri, at the tip of the spit.
    • In 1800 Inō Tadataka made his easternmost Ezo survey at Nishibetsu7. The yearly salmon tribute to the shogun also began that year14.
  • 1850s:
    • In 1856 the Bekkai settlement, on the north side of the Nishibetsu River mouth, had 15 Ainu houses with 81 Ainu residents. From 1858 Aizu domain guarded the coast north of Nishibetsu and Sendai domain the coast to the south7.
    • Kaga Denzō (加賀伝蔵), manager and Ainu interpreter at the Notsuke way station, was the first person to farm in Betsukai. He met Matsuura Takeshirō there in 1858723.
    • Old residents also told of "Kiraku", a lost port town at the tip of Notsuke, but no record confirms it existed10.
  • Meiji period: in 1878 the Kaitakushi (Colonization Office) opened a salmon cannery at Honbetsukai7, said to be Japan's second after Ishikari's24. The former Kaitakushi Betsukai Cannery (旧開拓使別海缶詰所) is one of the town's Japan Heritage components25. Inland farm settlement began in 1898–9926.
  • 1920s–30s settlement:
    • Under Hokkaido's second colonization plan (1927), each approved settler household received ¥350. The village grew to about 12,000 people, four times its 1926 size7.
    • At Nakanishibetsu, 334 households arrived in 1929–31, and at least 18% left within a few years. Six of them, from Kōchi, Shizuoka, Gifu, Osaka and Saga, moved on to Japanese-ruled Palau27.
    • After the cold-summer crop failures of 1931–32, a 1933 five-year plan moved farming from beans and grain to livestock26.
  • 1933: the JNR Shibetsu Line reached Nishibetsu, today's town center, and the village office moved there from Honbetsukai728.
  • 1956–1983, dairy projects:
    • The World Bank-backed Konsen Pilot Farm (根釧パイロットファーム) took its first settlers in 195626.
    • The New Dairy Village project (新酪農村, 1973–83) built farms of 50 ha with 60–70 cows each and brought in 94 new settler households. The town's observatory page puts the cost at ¥95.3 billion and the total at 222 households29. The town museum gives ¥93.5 billion and barns for 226 farms26.
  • 1971–1989: town status in 19716. The Shibetsu Line closed on 29 April 198928.
  • Recognition:
    • National historic site for the Okuyukiusu post station (2011)30.
    • East Asian–Australasian Flyway site for Notsuke (2014)31.
    • Japan Heritage for the Nemuro Strait "Salmon Sanctuary" story (2020), with 15 components in Betsukai25.
    • National natural monument for the Nishibetsu Wetland dwarf birch (2024)32.
  • Recent: the Nishibetsu River Akiaji Festival was cancelled in 202433. The 2026 festival was cancelled because of poor salmon runs, and the event is suspended for the time being34. Meiji is replacing its aging Nishishunbetsu dairy plant with a new plant in Nakashibetsu, due to open in March 202735.

Geography & climate
  • Landforms: the town measures 61.4 km east–west and 44.3 km north–south and faces the Nemuro Strait (Sea of Okhotsk) to the east. Most of it is broad pastoral plain6. The Konsen Plateau's grid of windbreak forests crosses Betsukai and three neighboring towns. Its belts are 180 m wide and 648 km long in total, and the grid is Hokkaido Heritage36.
  • Notsuke Peninsula and Bay: the 26 km spit lies midway between the Shiretoko and Nemuro peninsulas10 and is only about 50 m wide at its narrowest17. It is shared with Shibetsu31. Notsuke Bay, inside the spit, is 2–5 m deep, with eelgrass beds that shelter shima-ebi12. The dead Sakhalin firs of Todowara are slowly being lost to erosion37.
  • Lake Furen (風蓮湖): a brackish lake and marsh shared with Nemuro. The town puts its area at 52.1 km² and calls it Japan's 14th-largest lake21. The GSI's 2026 survey measures it at 64.17 km², 11th in Japan, with the water surface not yet assigned to either municipality5. The lake and Notsuke together form Notsuke-Furen Prefectural Natural Park6.
  • Rivers and wetlands: the 80 km Nishibetsu River is fed by groundwater from the Lake Mashū area14. The Nishibetsu Wetland is one of only two places in Japan where the Ice Age relict dwarf birch yachikanba grows32.
  • Climate (JMA Betsukai station, 1991–2020 normals38):
    • Annual mean temperature 5.7 °C. January averages −6.7 °C and August 18.1 °C.
    • Annual precipitation 1,148 mm. Snowfall totals 330 cm, with a maximum depth of 64 cm.
    • Records: 36.6 °C (May 2019) and −33.7 °C (February 1978)39.

Economy & industry
  • Dairy:
    • The Nemuro region is Japan's largest grassland dairy area. In FY2024 it produced about 840,000 t of milk, around 10% of Japan's total35.
    • The town's three farm co-ops are JA Dōtō Asahi, JA Nakashunbetsu and JA Keinebetsu40.
    • Dairy plants include Meiji Nishishunbetsu, Morinaga Betsukai, Snow Brand Megmilk Betsukai and Betsukai Nyūgyō Kōsha (べつかい乳業興社)8.
    • About 10,000 of the town's cattle are raised for beef24.
    • A town dairy training farm pays newcomers ¥220,800 a month while they train for three years9.
  • Fisheries: the Notsuke and Betsukai fishery co-ops had 348 members in 2022 and work from four ports. Scallops and set-net salmon, both supported by stocking programs, make up over 80% of landings41. In 2023 landings totaled 21,814 t, worth ¥8.60 billion. Between 2019 and 2023, the salmon catch fell from 3,074 t to 1,880 t, and Hokkai shima-ebi from 40 t to 12 t13.
  • Hometown tax: donations rose from ¥2.46 billion in FY202142 to ¥21.155 billion in FY202515. Return gifts are mainly dairy products, scallops, hokki clams and salmon roe43.
  • Defense: the town hosts the JGSDF Betsukai garrison and the 17,192 ha Yausubetsu Maneuver Area (矢臼別演習場)8. The range also takes Okinawa's relocated live-fire drills and joint exercises with US forces44.
  • Population: the census count fell 5.8% between 2015 and 20202 and 7.4% between 2020 and 20254. Foreign residents are increasing: there were 679 in July 2026, 57 more than a year earlier45.

Local specialties
Specialty Category Details & where to get it
Betsukai milk & dairy Dairy Butter, Sakeru and Gouda cheeses, ice cream and milk soft-serve. Michi-no-Eki Odaito sells triangular-carton milk, which it says is the only such milk left in Japan46. Betsukai Nyūgyō Kōsha sells it at its own shop47.
Farm cheeses Dairy Kawasaki Farm's cheese made only from its own cows' milk. Nakayama Milk Kōbō's Shikakui Gouda (square Gouda), named after the square sun47
Notsuke jumbo scallops (野付産ジャンボホタテ) Seafood Wild scallops with 2L–3L adductor muscles (11–20 per kg)24. Best January–May48
Hokkai shima-ebi (北海シマエビ) Seafood Usually salt-boiled48. Summer season 15 June–7 July in 2026; autumn season from mid-October4924. Sold at Odaito port by the co-op shop Kaimon (海紋)47
Nishibetsu salmon (西別鮭) Seafood Traditional yamazuke (山漬け) salt salmon24. Tribute-style cuts can be reserved at the Betsukai fishery co-op shop47. Season September–November48
Hokki & asari clams Shellfish Large hokki for sashimi. Asari from Odaito and Lake Furen, also made into asari soy sauce24
Notsuke Shiosai-gyū (野付潮彩牛) & Betsukai beef Meat Kuroge Wagyu sold by Gyūkura Farm Nagano; Betsukai beef from Suematsu butcher47
Betsukai Jumbo Hotate Burger (別海ジャンボホタテバーガー) Local dish Scallops fried in spring-roll wrappers inside a square milk bun, served with a mug of milk. ¥1,300, dine-in only, at Michi-no-Eki Odaito. Back on the menu since 12 March 202646
Shima-ebi tendon & milk ramen Local dishes Suiraku Maruta's shrimp tempura bowl, runner-up in a new local-food grand prix. Hyakumanri's miso ramen made with Betsukai milk50
Furusato nozei gifts Hometown tax Dairy products, scallops, hokki and salmon roe (ikura)43

Culture & festivals
Event When Highlights
Odaito Shiohigari Festival (尾岱沼潮干狩りフェスティバル) Weekends and holidays with good tides, early May–early June Clam digging in Notsuke Bay48
Hokki Market (ホッキ市) A Sunday in mid-May Surf-clam sale48
Soft-serve rally (ソフトクリームラリー) 1 May–30 September (2026) Stamp rally across 12 soft-serve shops, with prize draws51
Odaito Ebi Matsuri (尾岱沼えびまつり) Last Sunday of June Held at Odaito port when the shrimp season opens: salt-boiled shrimp, a shrimp-and-clam scooping lottery, and Notsuke Ryūjin Daiko drumming33
Betsukai Industrial Festival (べつかい産業祭) Third weekend of September Seafood and dairy fairs and horse contests, including ban'ei sledge racing48
Betsukai Pilot Marathon (パイロットマラソン) First Sunday of October (4 October 2026) JAAF-certified full marathon and a 5 km run. Finishers receive a whole salmon334852
Nishibetsu River Akiaji Festival (西別川あきあじまつり) Second Sunday of October Salmon sales and fishing. Suspended from 202634
  • Okuyukiusu events: the old post station holds a Tanabata festival, a wind-chime festival, walking days and special openings on Shōwa Day and Culture Day53.
  • Betsukai Shrine (別海神社) sells Ryōshi-kun good-luck charms47.

Ainu heritage
  • Place names: many of the town's place names are Ainu, including Betsukai and Notsuke and many river and lake names54.
  • Trade and labor: from about the 16th century, local Ainu traded salmon, herring and sea-otter pelts with the Japanese. After 1789 the trading-post system turned them from trading partners into fishery laborers, and local traditional culture faded quickly54.
  • Kaga documents: Kaga Denzō's family papers include Ainu vocabulary, maps and artifacts54. About 1,000 documents were deposited with the town in 199855. They are shown at the Kaga Documents Museum, which opened in 200054.
  • Today: the Betsukai Ainu Association (founded 1974) had six members in 2022. The town's Ainu plan (FY2023–27) says most people of Ainu descent do not publicly identify as Ainu. It funds new exhibits and chashi surveys54.

Sister & friendship cities
  • Hirakata, Osaka (枚方市): friendship city since 2 February 1987. The link grew from the "Kiku to Midori no Kai", meetups between young dairy farmers and city women80.
  • Friendship City Summit Council (1994): Hirakata, Shimanto (Kōchi), Nago (Okinawa) and Betsukai80.
  • No international sister city is listed on the town's friendship page80.

Notable people
  • Wataru Morishige (森重航) (born 2000 in Betsukai): speed skater, bronze medalist in the 500 m at the 2022 Beijing Olympics. He also skated at the 2026 Winter Olympics81.
  • Kenta Tokui (徳井健太): comedian in the duo Heisei Nobushi Kobushi. He was born in Chiba but is from Betsukai82.

Sources

Numbers in the text link to these sources. Figures as of 23 September 2026

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  2. 令和2年国勢調査 第1表 男女別人口、面積、人口密度及び世帯数（道、市部、町村部、振興局、市区町村） — Hokkaido Government, Statistics Division JA accessed 2026-09-23
  3. 北海道別海町 公式ホームページ（トップページ：人口と世帯、お知らせ、公式キャラクター） — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  4. 令和7年国勢調査速報 北海道の人口・世帯数 — Hokkaido Government, Statistics Division JA accessed 2026-09-23
  5. 令和8年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調（4月1日時点） — Geospatial Information Authority of Japan JA accessed 2026-09-23
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  8. 別海町 — Wikipedia JA accessed 2026-09-23
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  10. 野付半島（別海十景） — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  11. ラムサール条約登録湿地 — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  12. 野付湾（別海十景） — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  13. 主要魚種の水揚データ（令和元年〜令和5年） — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  14. ニシベツ献上鮭（別海町郷土資料館展示解説シート） — Betsukai Town Local History Museum JA accessed 2026-09-23
  15. ふるさと納税に関する現況調査結果（令和8年度実施） — Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications JA accessed 2026-09-23
  16. 四角い太陽 — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  17. べつかい氷平線【公式】 — Betsukai Tourism Association / Notsuke Peninsula Nature Center JA accessed 2026-09-23
  18. 白鳥台（別海十景） — Betsukai Town JA accessed 2026-09-23
  19. アイヌ語地名リスト（ヘ）pp.111–120（アーカイブ） — Hokkaido Government JA accessed 2026-09-23
  20. アイヌ語地名リスト（ノ）pp.91–100（アーカイブ） — Hokkaido Government JA accessed 2026-09-23
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